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Third-party officeholders in the United States are rare at any point of time. Although the current two-party system in the U.S., with the Republican party and Democratic party, started in 1856, many of the older parties still existed and had an influence. Therefore, this article includes any politician since the end of Reconstruction or since the 45th United States Congress. These galleries and lists include anyone who at one time, while in office, was an independent or affiliated with a third party. They are listed in descending order from the first year they were in office as something other than a Republican or Democrat. Since the end of Reconstruction, there have been a total of 30 U.S. Senators, 111 U.S. Representatives, and 28 Governors that weren't affiliated with a major party. There are now two U.S. Senators (King and Sanders), and four major city Mayors. Hundreds of third-party officeholders exist at the local level (including those in nonpartisan positions who are affiliated with a third-party), including 146 Libertarian Party members〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Elected Officials – Libertarian Party )〕 and 131 Green Party members.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Officeholder Members of the Green Party of the United States )〕 ==U.S. Senators== File:Angus King, official portrait, 113th Congress.jpg| Angus King of Maine Elected as an Independent (2013 - Present) File:Joe Lieberman 2008.jpg| Joe Lieberman of Connecticut Ran on the Connecticut for Lieberman ticket after losing the 2006 Democratic nomination for Senator. (1989 - 2013) File:Bernie Sanders.jpg| Bernie Sanders of Vermont Elected as Independent (2007 - Present) File:Dean Barkley.jpg| Dean Barkley of Minnesota Appointed by Governor Jesse Ventura as part of the Independence Party (2002 - 2003) File:JeffordsJim(I-VT).jpg| Jim Jeffords of Vermont Switched from Republican to Independent in 2001 (1989 - 2007) File:Robert C Smith.jpg| Bob Smith of New Hampshire Switched from Republican to Independent in 1999 (1990 - 2003) File:JamesLBuckley.jpg| James L. Buckley of New York Elected as a Conservative, lost re-election as a Republican in 1976 (1971 - 1977) File:Hbyrdjr.jpg| Harry F. Byrd Jr. of Virginia Switched from Democrat to Independent in 1970 (1965 - 1983) File:Wayne Morse.jpg| Wayne Morse of Oregon Switched from Republican to Independent in 1953, then to Democratic in 1955. (1945 - 1959) File:John E. Miller.jpg| John E. Miller of Arkansas Elected as an Independent, served as Democratic (1937 - 1941) File:ErnestLundeen.jpg| Ernest Lundeen of Minnesota Elected as Farmer-Labor (1937 - 1940) File:GeorgeWNorris.jpg| George W. Norris of Nebraska Switched from Republican to Independent in 1936 (1913 - 1943) File:Elmer Austin Benson.jpg| Elmer Austin Benson of Minnesota Elected as Farmer-Labor (1935 - 1936) File:RMLaFolletteJr.jpg| Robert M. La Follette of Wisconsin Switched from Republican to Progressive in 1934, then back to Republican in 1946 (1925 - 1947) File:Magnus Johnson.jpg| Magnus Johnson of Minnesota Elected as Farmer-Labor (1923 - 1925) File:Hshipstead.jpg| Henrik Shipstead of Minnesota Elected as Farmer-Labor, switched to Republican in 1940 (1923 - 1947) File:MilesPoindexter.jpg| Miles Poindexter of Washington Switched from Republican to Progressive in 1912, switched back to Republican in 1915 (1911 - 1923) File:JosephMDixon.jpg| Joseph M. Dixon of Montana Switched from Republican to Progressive in 1912 (1907 - 1913) File:Henry Heitfeld.jpg| Henry Heitfeld of Idaho Elected as a Populist (1897 - 1903) File:William Alexander Harris.jpg| William A. Harris of Kansas Elected as a Populist (1897 - 1903) File:Henry Moore Teller.png| Henry Moore Teller of Colorado Switched from Republican to Silver Republican in 1896, then to Democratic in 1903 (1876 - 1909) File:Freddubois.jpg| Fred Dubois of Idaho Switched from Republican to Silver Republican in 1896(1891 - 1897) File:Frank J Cannon.jpg| Frank J. Cannon of Utah Switched from Republican to Silver Republican in 1896 (1896 - 1899) File:RichardFPettigrew.jpg| Richard F. Pettigrew of South Dakota Switched from Republican to Silver Republican in 1896 (1889 - 1901) File:Lee Mantle U.S. Senator from Montana (1895) by James Presley Ball (Detail).jpg| Lee Mantle of Montana Switched from Republican to Silver Republican in 1896 (1895 - 1899) File:JohnPJones.jpg| John P. Jones of Nevada Switched from Republican to Silver in 1895, then back to Republican in 1901 (1873 - 1903) File:William M. Stewart - Brady-Handy.jpg| William M. Stewart of Nevada Switched from Republican to Silver in 1893, then back to Republican in 1901 (1887 - 1905) File:ALLEN, William Vincent.jpg| William V. Allen of Nebraska Elected as a Populist (1893 - 1901) File:James Henderson Kyle.jpg| James H. Kyle of South Dakota Elected as a Populist (1891 - 1901) File:Marion Butler.jpg| Marion Butler of North Carolina Elected as a Populist (1895 - 1901) File:William Alfred Peffer.jpg| William A. Peffer of Kansas Elected as a Populist (1891 - 1897) File:Harrison H. Riddleberger - Brady-Handy.jpg| Harrison H. Riddleberger of Virginia Elected as a Readjuster (1883 - 1889) File:William Mahone.jpg| William Mahone of Virginia Elected as a Readjuster (1881 - 1887) File:DDavis.jpg| David Davis of Illinois Elected as an Independent (1877 - 1883) File:Newton Booth - Brady-Handy.jpg| Newton Booth of California Elected as an Anti-Monopolist, served as an Ind. Republican (1875 - 1881) File:Orris S. Ferry - Brady-Handy.jpg| Orris S. Ferry of Connecticut Elected as a Liberal Republican in 1872 (1867 - 1875) File:Morgan C. Hamilton - Brady-Handy.jpg| Morgan C. Hamilton of Texas Switched from Republican to Liberal Republican in 1872, switched back to Republican in 1875 (1870 - 1877) File:Charles Sumner 1855 BPL-crop.jpg| Charles Sumner of Massachusetts Elected as Free Soil Democratic in 1851, became a Republican in 1855, then became a Liberal Republican in 1872 (1851 - 1874) File:Senator David T. Patterson.jpg| David T. Patterson of Tennessee Elected as a Unionist in 1866, became a Republican by 1867 (1866 - 1869) File:JSFowler.jpg| Joseph S. Fowler of Tennessee Elected as an Unconditional Unionist in 1866, became a Republican by 1867 (1866 - 1871) File:John A J Creswell Brady-Handy Photograph Collection.tif| John Creswell of Maryland Elected as an Unconditional Unionist in 1864 (1865 - 1867) File:BGratzBrown.png| Benjamin Gratz Brown of Missouri Elected as an Unconditional Unionist in 1863, became a Republican by 1865 (1863 - 1867) File:Peter G. Van Winkle - Brady-Handy.jpg| Peter G. Van Winkle of West Virginia Elected as a Unionist in 1863, became a Republican by 1867 (1863 - 1869) File:Reverdy Johnson.jpg| Reverdy Johnson of Maryland Elected as a Unionist in 1863, switched to Democratic by 1865 (1863 - 1868) File:Lemuel Jackson Bowden.jpg| Lemuel J. Bowden of Virginia Elected as a Unionist in 1863 (1863 - 1864) File:Thomas Holliday Hicks - photo portrait standing.jpg| Thomas Holliday Hicks of Maryland Elected as an Unconditional Unionist in 1862 (1862 - 1865) File:John B. Henderson - Brady-Handy.jpg| John B. Henderson of Missouri Elected as an Unconditional Unionist in 1862, became a Republican by 1865 (1862 - 1869) File:RobWilson-Miss.jpg| Robert Wilson of Missouri Appointed as an Unconditional Unionist in 1862 (1862 - 1863) File:Hon. Garrett Davis, Ky - NARA - 528757.jpg| Garrett Davis of Kentucky Elected as a Unionist in 1861, switched to Democratic by 1867 (1861 - 1872) File:JCarlile.jpg| John S. Carlile of Virginia Elected as a Unionist in 1861 (1861 - 1865) File:Waitman T. Willey - Brady-Handy.jpg| Waitman T. Willey of Virginia Elected as an Unconditional Unionist in 1861 (1861 - 1863) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Third party officeholders in the United States」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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